The Knowledge Machine

We begin Season Two with a science fiction short story written in 1948 by Edmond Hamilton and appeared in the Science Fiction magazine Thrilling Wonder Stories.

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Hi, everyone. And welcome to the second season of forward into the past. I'm JC. The day, your host and narrator. And I'd like to take a moment and reflect on what I've been able to accomplish so far. Since I began this project last year in June. I honestly have very little idea what I was doing. Over time, my recording skills and my performance skills improved. I think. I have a devoted little following now and it's growing larger with every episode. I have listeners all over the globe. All in all, it's been an amazing journey so far, and I can't wait to dive into this new season. So here we go. Early science fiction stories, especially those that were written around the time that I am focusing the podcast on we're mainly written for a juvenile audience, young kids with fanciful imaginations. They usually focused on mechanical men and traveling the globe in some sort of fantastic air machine that was kind of a contraption based on a dirigible or a hot air balloon. Unfortunately. Until around 1930. The real world technology had just not caught up with writers' imaginations. However in the mid to late thirties, Sci-Fi stories. As we now recognize them. Began to pop up in adventure magazines. By this time story papers were on their way out and weekly magazines became the new go-to format. Adventure and science fiction stories became more sophisticated and the magazines followed suit. Dedicated science fiction, magazines and other ones as well began using images of buxom damsels in distress, always shapely and often scantily clad. Because of the nature of these titillating covers and the fact that science fiction was still not considered proper literature, these magazines began to be nicknamed pulp magazines. If you remember one of my earlier podcasts from last season, pulp magazines were so named because they use the cheapest quality paper to provide entertainment. The name was revived in the 1930s to describe the perceived poor quality of the writing, as well as the lurid covers to entice male readers. Now today's story comes from a rather late entry. As far as public domain stories are concerned. June of 1948 from the science fiction magazine called thrilling wonder stories. Here is the short story. The knowledge machine written by Edmond Hamilton. The knowledge machine by Edmund Hamilton. I wish now I'd never heard of electro education. Sure it made me a multimillionaire, but what else did it do to me? What did it do to everybody? The trouble with me was that I was too ambitious. I had a nice wife and we were planning on a family. I wasn't satisfied with just being Pete birdie, the best electric repair man in New York. No. I wanted something bigger and better for my family. Oh, boy, did I get it? It began when I was called over to Gotham university to repair a motor generator that had gone sour. It was in the laboratory of Dr. Lewis Kindler, the big cycle physiologist research, man, there. Of course I did know then who he was. To me he was just a thin Haggard, old guy who looked like a nervous wreck, as he told me about the generator. It must be repaired immediately at once. He shrilled. We are just completing an epochal research Epochal. do you hear? I shrugged. Uh, I'll do the best I can, but this model's complicated. It'll take a week to rip her down and rewind the coils. A week he shrieked. Impossible. We can't wait that long. His colleague, a stocky bullet headed, young scientists named James Carter, tried to soothe the old boy down. Dr. Kitler you really must rest. You've been working too hard for months on these experiments. You know, now it's a success. Why not try to relax? Relax screamed the old scientist. And then all of a sudden he went clean off his head. He just collapsed raving about rays and neurons and a lot of other stuff. Young Carter called doctors and officials from the university quick. They took them away yelling at the top of his voice. Next morning as I was working in the laboratory on the generator. Carter came in, looking pretty blue. Dr. Kindler has had a complete mental breakdown from overwork. He told me. He's been removed to a Sanitarium and may remain there in a schizophrenic state for years. Schizophrenia. That's tough. I wondered what it meant. Well, I guess the old man was a pretty big shot in science, huh? We had just completed the greatest discovery in the history of psychology. Carter said he was tops in his field. I kept on working at the generator while young James Carter walked up and down the laboratory looking pretty moody. He kept staring at a big machine in the corner. It was nothing I could recognize for I'm a good electrician, but these crazy scientific hookups are way over my head. To me it looked something like a permanent wave machine with a metal cap, like the Dames put on over their heads. Carter spoke as though he was talking to himself, gritting his teeth, as he looked at that big machine. A discovery that means millions. Billions. If only I had enough money to develop and exploit it! I pricked up my years at that. Scientific discoveries don't interest me so much, but millions. Wow. They interest anybody. What is the thing I asked. Some new kind of rig for atomic power. No, no, it's nothing like that. Carter muttered. It deals with the mind. I could revolutionize the world with this thing. If I had money enough to develop improved apparatus. Well, won't the university put up the dough for the stuff you need. I asked him. He laughed kind of sour. Of course they would, but they would also then appropriate all title to it. Whereas if I could develop it myself, it would make me the richest man in history. That interested me a lot. Here was I Pete Purdy with ambitions for Helen and the family we planned to have. Maybe I stumbled on a chance to get in on the ground floor of something big. I got up and went over to Carter and looked at the machine with them. How much dough would you need for a new apparatus? I asked. And what is this discovery anyway? Carter looked at me, his eyes narrowing a little as though he saw me for the first time. You mean that you might be interested in investing in it birdie? Purdy. I said, and I hedged a little then. Ah, I don't know. I've saved some money and also my wife's uncle Dimblewitt left her a legacy last year. We got 30,000 and I was figuring to open up my own electric repair shop when I got a little more. Carter bit his lip. 30,000. He muttered. Well, it might be done with that. It just might. Hold on. Don't spend my dough so fast. I told him. First, what is this gadget? He got all eager and excited as he explained. It's a new method of education. Oh, I said, and I guess my voice was plenty flat. Well, that's fine, but I don't think there'd be much profit in that. You don't know what you're talking about. Carter blazed. This method of education is new. It's something entirely undreamed of until now. He asked me. When you learn something, when you learn that the earth is round, for example, how does your brain do it? I don't know. I said, how does it. Well, the nerve cells of your brain, the neurons already contain the ideas of earth and round. He explained. Constant repetition of earth is round establishes a connection between the two neuron groups by gradually lowering the resistance at the synapsis of neuron contacts. Thus when in the future, you think of. Earth, the thought impulse flashes along that low resistance path to the specific neurons containing round. Being an electrician. I could dimly understand that. So that's how it's done. I said, And that's why you have to study things so long to learn them. Carter nodded quickly. Long study and repetition establishes the neural paths necessary for remembering. But suppose by applying a tiny electronic impulse from outside, you could. Artificially establish a low resistance path between these two neuron groups. I got that too. Well, then I'd know that the earth is round without having to bother learning it. That's the idea. Carter said, and that's what Dr. Kindler has been working on for years. I worked with him of course, he added hastily. The discovery is as much mine as his. You see, he went on. We invented a scanner that can change the labyrinth, the neural connections of the brain by tiny electronic impulses. Just as you can rewire that generators coils. With it, we can set up any desired neural paths in an instant by applying just the right electronic impulses at the right points of the network. Any ordinary set of facts requires thousands of new neural paths in the brain. To learn a subject like Sanskrit, for instance requires tens of thousands. The scanner can put these new neural connections in your brain in a flash by projecting a predetermined pattern of electronic impulses. Can it be done? I asked him. We've proved it can be done. Carter told me, Dr. Kindler knew French and I didn't. The scanner first scan his neural patterns, isolated, those having to do with word meanings and recorded them on a moving tape. Then we ran the tape back, reversing the scatter. So it would repeat that pattern of electronic impulses on my own brain. It took 10 minutes. At the end of that time, I knew French perfectly. That was a little hard to swallow. You mean, you didn't have to study it or anything. You just knew it all of a sudden. Exactly! said carter. I see you look incredulous. I can soon prove the thing by running the same tape through on you. He grabbed that big metal cap that was connected to the machine by a lot of cables and jammed it down on my head. I began to protest. I didn't like the idea of anybody fooling around with my mind. But Carter switched on the machine before I could stop him. There was a humming. And a tape started unwinding inside the machine. I didn't feel anything except a queer tingling in my head. In a few minutes, the humming stopped. and the tingling stopped too. Carter took the metal cap off me and looked at me. Well, I don't feel any different. I told him. he shot at me. Oui, parfaitment. I shot right back at him, mais. I broke off and goggled, holy cats it worked. I do know French, just like that. And I did too. I could speak it as easy as English and I'd never known a word of it my life before. That thing floored me. Now do you believe. Carter asked. And how I managed to say, but I still don't see how there's millions to be made from it. Think man. He said. It takes a student four years and several thousand dollars to get a university education. Suppose he can go in and get it off tapes for a few hundred dollars. The possibilities of it hit me just like that. We'll say there'd be millions of students for prospect every year. And college students are only a small part of the market. Carter pointed out. Everybody would like to know more than they do. Everybody would like to know higher mathematics or Latin or architecture or a hundred other subjects. They don't learn them because it takes too much time and work to study them. But if they can just buy them. Why there's no limit to the market. I said, How many different subjects could you pour into a guy's brain with that thing? Carter explained that there was a limit to that. The potential neural paths in each brain are limited in number. We found that the average person has a neural index that will allow him to absorb the equivalent of a PhD education from the tapes. But not much more. He added quickly. Ah, but that'd be a chance for repeat business even so. The scanner can erase this new found knowledge from the brain by using a neutralizing electronic impulse, then the student can learn entirely new subjects Right then and there, I saw my big opportunity and grabbed it. Oh, you can count me in. I told him. But mind if I put up the dough for the apparatus, I get one third interest. One third. Said Carter kind of puzzled. Sure. One third for me, a third for you. And a third for doc Kindler. I reminded him Oh, certainly. Yes. I'll put Dr. Kindler, share in trust for him. But you understand, we better not use his name at all in developing this. It would prejudice people if they learned that the co-inventor of the method is now a mental wreck. Next day without telling Helen. I drew out our 30,000 and Carter and I signed the partnership papers. He kept dot Candler's name out, as he said. And he decided to call our firm, the electro education company. Carter rented a small business up in the Bronx. And there we put up the apparatus that he assembled from the stuff I bought. How about those learning tapes? Carter. I asked him at the end of the week. We've got to be able to sell people more than just French. He grinned at me. I've got a lot of tapes on every subject already. You see some of the best scientists and scholars in the world are on Gotham universities, faculty. Under pretext of x-raying their brains. I used the scanner to make tapes of everything they know. That kind of shocked me. Wait. That sounds like stealing their knowledge without them suspecting it. I don't want anything like that. Stealing. Carter answered quickly. Why? Of course not. We'll pay them a fat royalty. Every time we use the tapes of course. We tried the tapes out on each other. They worked fine. I went home that night bursting with a dozen professors knowledge. Helen had her brother Harry and his wife for dinner that night. Harry has always snooted me on account of I'm an electrician, while, he went to college and works in an office. Tonight. I was loaded for bear. When he started making one of his high brow cracks to show off. It was a crack about astronomy. Harry you're a million miles off base. I told him. The Romanian conception of space you're talking about as a dead pigeon. It's been proved mathematically. And here I went into the equations. Helen and Harry and his wife all looked at me bug eyed. I kind of enjoyed it and I carried on from there. I delved into ancient history, gave some chatty remarks on modern biophysical theory and then compared a Sanskrit drama with an old Greek tragedy by quoting yards of each in the original. Where in the name of all that's holy, did you pick up all that Pete? gasped Harry. I just laughed lightly. Oh, I'm not one to brag about my learning. I kinda like to keep my lamp hit underneath the bushel. I noticed that your grammar is still hidden under a bushel. Helen like a wife does put in. Well that dashed me a little. I had forgotten that my grammer still wasn't so hot. We hadn't had any tape on elementary English grammar yet. That night after the others went home, I told Helen the whole story and how our money was now invested in the electro education company. Oh, she hit the sky. I've been trapped by a swindler. I was an idiot and we were going to die in the poor house. Next morning. She went with me to give Carter what for and demand our money back. Carter handled her beautifully. He inveigled her to put on the learning gap and then shot French music, art, and a lot of other stuff into her. From then on Helen was enthusiastic. So next week we hung out a sign and advertised in the newspapers. Carter had written the ad and it was a good one. Do you want to know more? It asked, do you yearn to learn, but are you repelled by the dreary prospect of months and years of study? Electro education is the answer. Study classrooms. Schools are now obsolete. We guaranteed to be still on you in a few hours. Enough higher education to pass any university's graduation examinations. Next morning, we found a half dozen prospects waiting to get into our electro education shop. Only it turned out. They were all reporters would come to write funny pieces on our project. Carter was smart though. He didn't get mad. He just kidded them along and got one of them to try a sample course. Then he shot a full course of higher accounting into that chap. It seems that the reporter was a guy who had never been able to add two and two. He had such a blind spot for arithmetic. When he got up and realized how much he knew, he let out a yell. The other news Hawks accused him of faking at first. But the argument induced some of the others to try it. Carter gave them Chinese nuclear physics, anything they asked. That night electro education hit the front pages of the newspapers with a bang. Some of the articles still claimed it was a fake. But a lot of the writers swore it worked. The result was that we had a crowd around our E shop next day. Most of them were just curious, but there were a few with money enough and curiosity enough to try a few tapes when they went out and told the crowd about it. Others started coming in. Being near Gotham university. In two days, we were handling a crowd of students. So big. They lined up for blocks. They came in with their money clutched in their hot little hands. And they went out crammed with every bit of knowledge, their own professors had. Then after three days, the better business bureau, the district attorney's office and the police all came down on us. This thing is a bare face swindle of some kind. And I shall see that these two men get prison for it. The da announced. Carter had been expecting just that and had a lawyer already when the preliminary hearing was held. He brought in our witnesses, joyful college students who had quit going to classes all together because they were dead sure of passing. Anyway. Then Carter sprung his clincher. Your Honor. He said to the judge. The courtroom janitor has agreed for a consideration to let me demonstrate electro education on him. Is the court agreeable. Well, the court was agreeable. So right there in the courtroom, Carter set up R E apparatus and used it on the janitor. This janitor was a big fat headed old guy. They called. Puddinghead on account, everyone around court knew how dumb he was. Well, Carter shot all our law courses into him. He gave him not only civil law, criminal law corporation, law, and theory of jurisprudence. He also gave him graduate courses in such fancy stuff as the Justinian code and medieval ecclesiastical law. When it was over and it took a little more than an hour. Old Puddinghead got up and talked. He not only proved that he knew everything now about the law. He proved that the judge himself was woefully ignorant about a lot of it. Electro education is obviously all it claims to be. said the judge quickly to stop this painful expose. Case dismissed. The courtroom exploded with excitement. Uh, reporters crowded wildly around Carter. I found the judge himself plucking my arm. Uh, Mr. Purdy in confidence. Could you give me those courses too? The judge asked timidly. Overnight electro education became the sensation of the country. It was like a bomb going off. I'll admit that it's sort of floored me. I'm a modest kind of guy I'd figured on profits on maybe even a chain of education shop someday, but I hadn't figured on what he rapidly became. It didn't grow. It exploded. Within a month Carter had branches started or underway in every big city in the country. He'd bought up a factory to turn out the EEG apparatus. We trained our own operators. Yeah, it was simple since we just ran an E tape to teach them. Our advertising plastered, the newspapers, the billboards, the radio we made the whole country E conscious overnight. One of our best ads was. Why go to college for knowledge, would you drive a horse and buggy to work? I get smart the modern way. And there was a big billboard picture that showed a guy sitting with one of our E caps on his head. It advised. Don't be dumb chum, put on your learning cap today. For the classier trade, the advertising men had worked out displays that showed a dumb cluck cringing in the middle of a lot of brilliant looking conversationalists. Do you envy your friends when they discuss, learned subjects? The ad asked. Why be inferior? He will make a new man of you mentally. They poured into our III shops. They came in such droves that the police had to establish lines at every shop. Carter and I had big offices down in the Monarch state building by now. My work wasn't hard. I arrived at 11 each morning, smoked a cigar and then went to lunch for a few hours. The afternoon was not quite so tough. But Carter really worked. I never saw a guy with so much ambition. It kind of scared me the way he kept. He mushrooming out bigger and bigger each day. The universities and colleges had gone nuts. They tried first to suppress us, but they couldn't, they forebade their professors to sell us knowledge tapes, but we offered such big money that the professors did let us put their stuff on tapes on the sly. So the universities just gave up and closed their doors all except a few bitter enters. Then it was the turn of the high schools and the public schools. Senators got up in the state legislatures and demanded a new educational system. Why should we support a vast, expensive outmoded school system when he can give every child better schooling at a fraction of the cost they asked. The teachers, of course all fought that, but what chance did they have the taxpayers didn't want to keep up the schools? The parents didn't want to, when their kids could learn it also easy by IE. And the kids themselves. Sure. We're wholeheartedly for III from the start. The result was that the state set up instead of schools. E dispensary's in which our own operators gave the kids their stuff. Every kid had to go to school one hour a year. He got his years' work shot into him by tape. And that was that. And the state paid us a set fee for every pupil. Money. Well, it came in by tons, by carloads all over the country, all over most of the world, he was replacing the schools and colleges and still Carter wasn't satisfied. What we have got to avoid this saturation of the market. Pete. He told me. As soon as everyone is full of knowledge, they will quit buying education. Well, there will still be the new generation of students each year. And that brings in a big, steady profit. I said. That's not enough. He said in his determined way. What we need is repeat business. Like the movie industry gets. I'll work on that. And boy, he did. He got big new advertising campaigns planned that kept the public needled by successive waves of advertising. For awhile, we plugged science. A man, couldn't understand the world unless he was full of science. A woman should be ashamed to meet her bridge club. If she couldn't discuss higher physics or colloid chemistry. It wore people down. All right. A lot of them came in and had us erase other stuff and fill them chock full of science. When a man reached his neural capacity, we had to erase to put new knowledge. In of course we had a few sad experiences with guys who wanted to know absolutely everything and who went badly from too much. IE. To avoid trouble with the law. Our operators were strict on that now. When our sale of science subjects began to fall off, we switched our advertising to concentrate on art. We made expert knowledge of art, all the rage. Sure enough. People came in by thousands to have their science knowledge erased so they could take on our cargo of art. Carter had worked out advertising that made young people good repeat customers to. If they didn't feel satisfied in their professions. Why not try a new one. Lots of young lawyers for instance, would decide. They'd rather be doctors they'd simply come in and have their legal knowledge erased. Take on a full course of medical subjects and then hang out a shingle. Maybe two weeks later, they'd be back wanting now to try engineering. Me. I was on top of the world. Literally, I lived in the highest and biggest penthouse in town and Helen was in the clouds mainly on account of our new baby boy who had been born a year after we started E. And who was now Husky and thriving. And little Percival is going to be proud of his father when he attains maturity. I told Helen not only because of my wealth, but because of my erudition, I really talk like that by then for Helen had insisted on me taking a full course in English grammar. Soon after we started the business. I had also taken all the other advanced E courses. My brain would hold so that in those days there were few wiser guys than me in the world. Yes, dear. It is wonderful. Know that Percival can be proud of his parents when he grows up. Helen said happily. Well, that's all you ever know about the future. For it was the very next morning that the whole thing busted. It busted when an old guy who looked vaguely professorial came crowding into my office in spite of my four secretaries. Are you Peter Purdy? The vice-president of the electro education company. He asked me. Yes. Yes. But if you have a knowledge record to sell, you should take it to our knowledge purchasing agent. I told him. I do not handle details like that. He just stood and stared at me. And then all of a sudden he let out a yell. The electrician, he yelled pointing at me wildly. Suddenly I recognized the old boy and I got my feet down off the desk and got out of my chair. Dr. Kindler. I said all surprised. It was him all right. Carter's colleague that had been in a Sanitarium all this time, being a schizophrenia. But he did not look out of his head now at all. He just looked mad. Doctor I'm overjoyed to see you. I said, and so will Carter be. We had no idea you were cured. Doc Kindler interrupted me by shouting at me every dirty name a scientists could think of. You blind fools to turn my discovery loose on the world without knowing more about it. You don't even know what you may have done. Then he shouted even louder. Police. I hate to tell what followed. When Carter came in and saw the old doc, he turned a sickly color and started the scram, but the police were already arriving. And then the whole thing busted wide open. No need to give you the whole bitter story. It's had publicity enough and enough people have called me a dope. I suppose at that that it's better than being convicted of theft, like Carter. Yeah. Carter had just deliberately stolen the old doc's invention and hadn't helped invented at all. Like he told me he'd figured doc Kindler was away in the Sanitarium for life. Not guessing that shock therapy would finally succeed in restoring the old doc's mind. I don't blame the old dock for blowing up the way he did when he came back and found out nor for the names he called me in court. I'd rather be called a stupid stooge than a thief any day. Sure. They took the penthouse and the big bank account and everything else away from me. I was lucky that they gave me back my original 30,000. Doc Kindler had relented enough to me to stipulate that when he turned all rights in he over to the government you know what the first thing was that I did when I got out of court that day. I went to the nearest E shop and had them erase every course I had, even my grammar. And I did it because I was worried. I was worried about what doc Kindler had said that day in the courtroom. My crooked assistant and this dolt, Purdy whom he deceived, didn't realize all they were doing when they exploited my discovery. Kindler said. When I collapsed my experiments with electro education were not yet complete. I had discovered the minute electronic impulses used in electoral education have a permanent effect on the germplasm as well as the Soma, but hadn't yet found out what the effect is. Will you state your meaning in less technical terms, doctor? The judge asked. Kindler voice was grave. I mean that the E impulses have a powerful mutational effect on the genes that control the brain development of the unborn child. I got worried. Is my little boy going to be dotty because Helen and I took a lot of E. Before he was born. Um, Well that I can't say yet. Said Kindler grimly. I was trying to determine the nature of that effect when I collapsed. And you let Carter talk you into appropriating my work. That was what scared me into having all my E erased before I went home that night. And Helen threw a fit when she heard about it. Now don't get hysterical. I begged. The doc said he don't know what the effect on Percival would be. It might not be so bad. But you and I were almost the first people to take E and whatever's going to happen to people's babies because of it will happen first to Percival. She sobbed. We went in and hung over his crib. I couldn't see a thing wrong with him. And I said, so. He was as fat, healthy looking a year old baby, as you'd want to see as he lay there looking up at us. Yes, but what about his mind Helen sobbed? He should be trying to talk by now but he hasn't said a word. Well, maybe I could get them to talk. If I worked hard enough with them. I said desperately. I chucked Percival under the chin. Say mama Percival, coochie, coochie, say mama. Percival opened his mouth and spoke. He spoken a rather wobbly and shrill, little voice. I presume father. He said that the encouraging sounds that you are directing at me are onomotopoeic in origin and are designed to stimulate the faculty of imitation. Nevertheless, I must beg you not to continue making such utterances. Helen and I gaped at each other. He talked, I choked out, he talked like a professor. You heard him. Helen stared wide-eyed but he never said a word before, not a word. Percival appear to be bored. Really you could hardly expect me to join in the sort of unintelligent conversation that goes on in this house. Yeah. That was the effect of he is electronic impulses on the unborn. Every E course that Helen and I had ever taken was in Percival's brain when he was born. The fact that we'd had our own knowledge erased, hadn't affected him in the least. And I was going to have a son that would look up to me. That is a laugh. Our personal loves his parents, but we will never see the day when we know half as much as he did when he was born. It was the same with all the other kids born after he, of course. Every last one of them came into the world equipped with a full cargo of knowledge. You know how it's changed things. They had to cut the voting and office holding age to zero. Of course. We couldn't restrict office to adults when our own kids were 10 times smarter than we were. Half of Congress is under 10 years old these days. And the big offices are mostly filled with kid geniuses. I hear there's a 12 year old out in California that they're grooming for president. What gets me though, is this. These kids of ours still keep piling new knowledge into their brains with E now. 20 or 30 years from now. What are their kids going to be like, oh, I do some wondering about that. Well gang, that's it for the first story of the new season. I hope you enjoy it. And I look forward to providing additional interesting stories. I will hail from all different kinds of themes this year. Now don't worry. Faithful listeners. Nick Carter will indeed be back this year. I just don't have an exact date. Yet, but rest assuredly, he will return to the podcast. I'd like to remind you all to visit the website for links to past episodes, upcoming information for the podcast. Subscriber links to our newsletter. And of course my buy me a coffee page where you can donate to support the show or become a regular subscriber. And there may be some exciting upcoming news about what I'd like to do to expand the format of the show. So please stay tuned for that. Oh, gosh. Well, it looks like I've rambled long enough again. As always friends. Thanks for listening. Keep sharing the stories. And be a good human. Bye for now.